Effects of Alcohol and Drug Abuse: Body Systems, Risks, and Prevention Practice Test

The main idea here is that physical dependence and addiction are different phenomena that can occur together but describe different patterns of substance use. Dependence is the body's adaptation to a substance, shown by tolerance (needing more to achieve the same effect) and withdrawal symptoms when use stops or decreases. This is a physiological process and can happen with medicines taken as prescribed, without implying a loss of control over use.

Addiction, or a substance use disorder, is about behavior. It involves compulsive use, cravings, and a loss of control over intake, with continued use despite clear harm to health, relationships, or responsibilities. It emphasizes the pattern of behavior and the pursuit of the substance over other important parts of life.

So the correct distinction is that dependence centers on tolerance and withdrawal, while addiction involves compulsive use with loss of control and harm. The other options mix up these ideas or mischaracterize what dependence or addiction means (for example, suggesting you can’t stop in a general sense, or that they’re identical, or that addiction is only about medical treatment needs).